ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball presents unique competitive characteristics, requiring athletes a high level of strength, especially explosive strength. Objective: Study the effect of combined training on the explosive power of lower limbs in basketball players. Methods: The author selected 18 basketball players, equally distributed with the random method into a unipodal combined training group (S group), a two-legged combined training group (D group), and a conventional strength training group (W group), for the three-test data. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected from the experiment. Results: There was a significant difference in approach height and three-quarter sprint in group S (p<0.05). The difference was not evident in the height of touch in situ (p>0.05). In group D, there was a significant difference in situ touch height p<0.01. There was no significant difference in the results of the three test indicators in group W (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared to conventional strength training, unipodal combined training is more effective for the development of explosive strength in the lower limbs of basketball students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El baloncesto tiene unas características competitivas únicas, que exigen que los deportistas tengan un alto nivel de fuerza, especialmente la fuerza explosiva. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento combinado sobre la potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: El autor seleccionó a 18 jugadores de baloncesto, distribuidos equitativamente con el método aleatorio en grupo de entrenamiento combinado unipodal (grupo S), grupo de entrenamiento combinado bipodal (grupo D) y grupo de entrenamiento de fuerza convencional (grupo W), para los tres datos de la prueba. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con los datos recogidos en el experimento. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa en la altura de aproximación y en el sprint de tres cuartos en el grupo S (p<0,05). En la altura de toque in situ (p>0,05), no se evidenció la diferencia. En el grupo D, hubo una diferencia significativa entre la altura del tacto in situ p<0,01. No hubo diferencias significativas en los resultados de los tres indicadores de prueba en el grupo W (p>0,05). Conclusión: En comparación con el entrenamiento de fuerza convencional, el entrenamiento combinado unipodal es más eficaz para el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva en las extremidades inferiores de los estudiantes de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O basquetebol tem suas características competitivas singulares, exigindo que os atletas tenham um alto nível de força, sobretudo a força explosiva. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento combinado sobre o poder explosivo dos membros inferiores em jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: O autor selecionou 18 jogadores de basquetebol, distribuídos igualmente com o método aleatório em grupo de treinamento combinado unipodal (grupo S), grupo de treinamento combinado de duas pernas (grupo D) e grupo de treinamento convencional de força (grupo W), para os três dados de teste. Foi realizada uma análise estatística com os dados coletados do experimento. Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa na altura de aproximação e no sprint de três quartos no grupo S (p<0,05). Na altura de toque in situ (p>0,05), a diferença não foi evidenciada. No grupo D, houve uma diferença significativa entre a altura de toque in situ p<0,01. Não houve diferença significativa nos resultados dos três indicadores de teste no grupo W (p>0,05). Conclusão: Comparativamente ao treinamento convencional de força, o treinamento combinado unipodal é mais eficaz para o desenvolvimento de força explosiva nos membros inferiores dos estudantes de basquetebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the role of puerarin on renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism in renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model. Methods: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (50 or 100 mg/kg) per day for one week before renal I/R. The level of renal collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius Red staining, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The ferroptosis related factors and TLR4/Nox4-pathway-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: Puerarin was observed to alleviate renal collagen deposition, interstitial fibrosis and the α-SMA expression induced by I/R. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) level were decreased in I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ level increased. However, puerarin reversed SOD, MDA, GSH and Fe2+ level changes induced by I/R and H/R. Besides, Western blot indicated that puerarin inhibited the expression of ferroptosis related factors in a dose-dependent manner, which further demonstrated that puerarin had the effect to attenuate ferroptosis. Moreover, the increased expression of TLR/Nox4-pathway-associated proteins were observed in I/R and H/R group, but puerarin alleviated the elevated TLR/Nox4 expression. Conclusions: Our results suggested that puerarin inhibited oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by I/R and, thus, delayed the progression of renal fibrosis, providing a new target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.

Abstract This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of circ 0006282 in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vitro and in vivo. 6-week-old male db/db mice were induced by intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, S0130, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for five consecutive days. HK-2 cells was incubated with high glucose for vitro model. Western blotting, immunostaining, and biochemical assays were used to obtain that inflammatory factor and protein expressions. The current study demonstrated that the serum circ 0006282 expression were reduced, and serum miR-155 expression in patients with DN were increased. Circ 0006282 reduced inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose. MiR-155 promoted inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose. Circ 0006282 reduced inflammation via activation of SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway by suppression of miR-155 expression. MiR-155 regulated the anti-inflammation effects of circ 0006282 on inflammation in kidney cell by high glucose by SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that circ 0006282 may represent promising strategy for the therapy of DN.

Abstract The Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu extract (CSTCYWE) was administered to D-galactose-induced aging mice to investigate the effect and mechanism of CSTCYWE on exercise endurance in aging mice. The effect of CSTCYWE on the improvement of exercise capacity in aging mice was evaluated by detecting serum biochemical indicators, pathological changes in tissues, and expression by qPCR. The composition of CSTCYWE was analyzed by HPLC. The experiment showed that CSTCYWE increased the running time and the exhaustive swimming time of aging mice to improve their exercise endurance. CSTCYWE also reduced the levels of BUN, BLA, and MDA and increased the levels of HG, MG, SOD, and GSH-Px in the serum of aging mice. Pathological observation found that CSTCYWE alleviated the liver and kidney tissue lesions and damage caused by aging. Meanwhile, CSTCYWE could down-regulate the relative mRNA expressions of nNOS, iNOS, TNF-α, and syncytin-1 and up-regulate the relative mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT in the mouse liver tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. The results of component analysis showed that CSTCYWE contained caffeic acid, hypericin, isoquercetin, dihydroquercetin, rosmarinic acid, baicalin, luteolin, and baicalein. These active ingredients enable CSTCYWE to act on aging mice and improve their exercise capacity.

Abstract Objectives: M1 macrophage polarization and phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are common biological responses. Method: Herein, IBD mice models were constructed and macrophages were derived. Results: It was discovered that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) was downregulated in IBD mice and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Moreover, the inhibitory role of overexpressed miR-146b in reducing the inflammation level and blocking M1 macrophage polarization was confirmed. Further investigation indicated that Fibrinogen Like 2 (FGL2) acted as the target gene of miR-146b, and FGL2 mediated activation of NLRP3, NF-κB-p65, and p38-MAPK. More importantly, it was validated that miR-146b could ameliorate inflammatory pheno-type and prevent M1 macrophage polarization via inhibiting FGL2 in vitro, and miR-146b overexpression alleviated the intestinal injury of IBD mice in vivo. Conclusions: Overall, it is potential to use miR-146b for the amelioration of IBD. HIGHLIGHTS miR-146b was downregulated in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) mice and LPS-induced macrophages. Fibrinogen Like 2 (FGL2) was identified as the target gene of miR-146b. miR-146b ameliorated the inflammation and blocked M1 macrophage polarization via inhibiting FGL2. miR-146b ameliorated the symptoms and pathological injury of IBD via inhibiting FGL2.

Abstract To investigate effect and mechanism of maternal exposure to trace cadmium on the differentiation and development in testis of male offspring rats. Thirty-two pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: CdCl2 treated group (group A) was intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg.d); DES group(group B) was subcutaneously injected with DES (100 μg/kg.d); CdCl2 +TMX group(group C) was treated with CdCl2 (same as above)+TMX (50 mg/kg.d); control group (group D) was treated with the same dose normal saline instead of CdCl2. On day 30th after parturition, the weight and sex ratio of off-spring male rats were recorded; Offspring testes were used for ultrastructural observation. Ultrastructural changes including swollen mitochondria and expanded endoplasmic reticulum in Sertoli cells, gonocyte and Leydig cells, moreover, lipid droplets cumulated in Leydig cells were observed in group A and group B, and so changes in group C were slightly more than those in group A or group B. The expression of StAR and inhibin-B in Leydig cells decreased significantly in group A and group B (p < 0.05), but there were no difference between group C and group D (P > 0.05). Cadmium has similar effect as estrogen which would affect gonadal differentiation and development in male fetal rats.

In this study, a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing choline chloride and ethylene glycol was synthesized, and the magnetic polydopamine (PDA) was modified with this deep eutectic solvent to form Fe3O4@PDA-DES. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterize the proposed adsorbent. Then, this magnetic material was used as an adsorbent in the magnetic solid phase extraction process for the extraction of four sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples. The main parameters relevant to this method were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the linearity was obtained by five points in the concentration range of 1.0-200 µg L-1 and with the correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.9927. The enrichment factors were in a range of 495 to 615 and the relative standard deviations were less than 4.3%. The limits of detection varied from 0.0092 to 0.0113 µg L-1. The recoveries of environmental water samples were 61.9 to 100.1%, and the recoveries of drinking water samples were 71.1-101.9%. All results highlighted the excellent potential of magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography strategy in selective separation and extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples.

ABSTRACT Background: the esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) is a novel high-resolution manometry (HRM) tool designed to assess EGJ barrier function. This study assessed whether changes in EGJ-CI values reflect a disruption of the EGJ in achalasia patients undergoing per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Methods: patients with HRM performed both before and after POEM were identified over a three year period and were compared to healthy controls. EGJ-CI was calculated using the St Louis method, where EGJ vigor is assessed independently of respiration and referenced to the gastric baseline. It is reported as mmHg.cm. Pre- and post-POEM EGJ-CI, conventional lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) metrics (end expiratory LESP and mean basal LESP) and integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) were compared between groups. The correlation between EGJ-CI and conventional LESP metrics was also assessed and compared to controls. Results: fifteen achalasia patients (35.2 ± 2.5 years, 73% female) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were compared to 20 healthy volunteers (26.6 ± 1.1 years, 50% female). The Eckardt score was significant lower after POEM (1.5 ± 0.3 vs 7.0 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Baseline conventional LESP metrics, EGJ-CI and IRP were higher in achalasia cases compared to controls (p < 0.001). Both conventional LESP metrics and EGJ-CI decreased significantly following POEM (p < 0.001) and approximated the values recorded in controls (p ≥ 0.1). However, IRP remained higher post-POEM compared to controls (p = 0.011). EGJ-CI correlated with conventional LESP metrics at baseline (Pearson's r = 0.75-0.79; Spearman's rho = 0.84-0.85, p < 0.001) and following POEM (0.55-0.70 and 0.5-0.77, respectively; p ≤ 0.03). Conclusions: EGJ-CI complements the assessment of the EGJ barrier and may be a useful metric to follow barrier function after per-oral myotomy.

Abstract Background miR-22 has been shown to be frequently downregulated and act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers including breast cancers. However, the role of miR-22 in regulating the radioresistance of breast cancer cells, as well as its underlying mechanism is still not well understood. Methods The expressions of miR-22 and sirt1 at mRNA and protein levels were examined by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The effects of miR-22 overexpression and sirt1 knockdown on cell viability, apoptosis, radiosensitivity, γ-H2AX foci formation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay, and γ-H2AX foci formation assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to confirm the interaction between miR-22 and sirt1. Results miR-22 was downregulated and sirt1 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer cells. miR-22 overexpression or sirt1 knockdown significantly suppressed viability, induced apoptosis, reduced survival fraction, and increased the number of γ-H2AX foci in breast cancer cells. Sirt1 was identified as a target of miR-22 and miR-22 negatively regulated sirt1 expression. Ectopic expression of sirt1 dramatically reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-22 on cell viability and promotive effect on apoptotic rates and radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells. Conclusions miR-22 suppresses tumorigenesis and improves radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by targeting sirt1, providing a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging findings using multiple b values with the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B. METHODS: Seventy-four cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 25 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 500, 800 and 1000 sec/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficients of individual liver lobes for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) were derived from the signal intensity averaged across images obtained using b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm2, 0 and 800 sec/mm2, or 0 and 1000 sec/mm2, respectively, and were statistically analyzed to evaluate cirrhosis. RESULTS: The apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) inversely correlated with the Child-Pugh class in the left lateral liver lobe, the left medial liver lobe, the right liver lobe and the caudate lobe (r=-0.35 to -0.60, all p<0.05), except for the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,1000) in the left medial liver lobe (r=-0.17, p>0.05). Among these parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,500) in the left lateral liver lobe best differentiated normal from cirrhotic liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.989. The apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,800) in the right liver lobe best distinguished Child-Pugh class A from B-C and A-B from C, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.732 and 0.747, respectively. CONCLUSION: Liver lobe-based apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500) and b(0,800) appear to be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis.